四氧化三铁/植酸钠对水中六价铬的分离

四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)这一用途广泛的功能性磁性纳米粒子,但是由于在制备过程中,其形貌难以控制,团聚严重,大大限制了它的应用.用环境友好的植酸钠(IP6)胶束为模板,利用分子中六个不共面的磷酸酯键,络合铁离子,水解制备了Fe3O4/IP6纳米结构,其有分散性好,长期稳定的特点.Fe3O4/IP6中磷酸酯键可捕获富集水体中Cr(VI)离子,利用Fe3O4的磁性,通过外磁场将Cr(VI)离子从废水中分离出来.实验结果表明:该过程时间短(10 min),效果理想.还观察了水体p H值变化对Fe3O4/IP6纳米粒子分离Cr(VI)的影响.     

高铁三水铝土矿综合利用新工艺

通过对铝土矿进行X射线衍射分析和电镜分析,确定了原料的主要物相和形貌.采用低温硫酸焙烧法可以将铝、铁与硅进行有效的分离.实验考察不同条件对铝、铁提取率的影响,结果表明:焙烧温度在350℃,恒温时间60min,硫酸加入量为理论所需量的12倍时,铝、铁的提取率均可达到92%以上.采用黄钠铁矾法使焙烧熟料水溶出后所得滤液中的大部分铁沉淀,铁的沉淀率达90%以上,铝的沉淀率可控制在5%以内.     

盐酸浓度对热轧不锈钢酸洗板表面质量的影响

借助电化学方法、激光共聚焦显微镜和SEM等分析手段,研究了盐酸浓度对热轧铁素体不锈钢表面质量的影响作用.结果表明:在本实验条件下,随着盐酸浓度的增加,酸洗后不锈钢表面平整程度增加,但盐酸浓度过高存在较严重的晶间腐蚀现象.虽然酸洗后不锈钢的阴阳极极化曲线形状在弱极化区并没有发生太大的变化,但随着盐酸浓度的增加,不锈钢在溶液中的点蚀电位升高,并且容抗弧半径增大,表面耐蚀性增强.     

硬脂酸对三水碳酸镁晶须表面改性的研究

采用硬脂酸对三水碳酸镁晶须进行了表面改性,考察了改性剂用量、料浆浓度、改性时间等因素对三水碳酸镁晶须表面改性的影响.采用接触角、活化指数、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析和红外光谱分析对改性前后的三水碳酸镁晶须进行表征.结果表明,最佳改性条件为改性剂用量5%,料浆质量分数5%,改性时间60min.在最佳工艺条件下,改性产品的接触角为130°,活化指数为1.000.表面改性过程对三水碳酸镁晶须的热分解没有明显影响.硬脂酸与三水碳酸镁晶须的结合方式主要是镁离子与羧基形成憎水性的硬脂酸镁保护层.     

Micro-friction of diazoresin/polyacrylic acid self-assembly films in water with atomic force microscopy

Ultrathin films composed of diazoresin（DR）and polyacrylic acid（PAA）were fabricated.The surface morphology of the films in water was measured using an atomic force microscopy（AFM）.The self-assembly technique makes the surface rather flat and uniform.The friction force and its dependence on the velocity differ from the surface charge of the thin films.The friction force of repulsive DR/PAA film increases linearly with velocity and has lower values than that of attractive DR film over the full range of velocity.As the velocity increases,the attractive friction of DR film first decreases to a minimum at a velocity of 2 line/s and then increases all the way.When the surface is repulsive to the friction substrate,the friction of thin films that is determined by hydrated lubrication of polymer chains that is ultralubricated;when it is adhesive to the friction substrate,the friction is mainly contributed from the elastic deformation of adsorbed polymer chains in the low velocity region and from viscous sliding in the presence of hydrated-layer lubrication of the polymer chains in the higher velocity region.     

尼氟灭酸对CCI模型鼠DRG神经元GABA介导膜电流的影响

为观察尼氟灭酸(NFA)对坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)所导致的神经病理性痛大鼠的背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)神经元上GABAA受体激活电流的影响,探讨尼氟灭酸在神经病理性疼痛时在脊髓水平的作用及可能机制。采用如下方法:(1)制作CCI模型。(2)运用热板实验检测CCI组、假手术组术侧下肢热缩足反射潜伏期的变化。(3)运用全细胞膜片钳技术记录CCI模型组术侧、假手术组术侧、正常组DRG神经元上GABAA受体激活电流的幅度。(4)记录尼氟灭酸对正常组和CCI组术侧DRG神经元上GABAA受体激活电流的调节作用。结果显示,(1)CCI组术侧下肢热缩足反射潜伏期明显缩短。(2)GABA(1~1000μmol/L)可以使DRG神经元产生浓度依赖的内向电流(P0.05,n=10)。(3)CCI组1~100μmol/L GABA激活电流幅值显著小于假手术组和正常对照组(P0.01,n=6)。假手术组和正常对照组GABA电流差异无统计学意义。(4)NFA(1~100μmol/L)对正常组、CCI组的DRG神经元上GABA激活的电流均有抑制作用,该抑制作用具有浓度依赖性,且正常组的抑制作用更明显(P0.01,n=5)。由此可知,NFA对CCI模型大鼠DRG神经元GABA激活电流的抑制作用相比较正常组有所减弱,这可能是由于CCI模型的DRG神经元上钙激活氯通道的数量增加。     

硫化锌精矿加压酸浸渣回收工艺及其环境影响分析

以硫化锌精矿加压酸浸渣为研究对象,系统的分析了加压酸浸渣浮选回收硫精矿,浮选尾矿经两段浸出、氧化除铁、锌粉置换和蒸发浓缩等工序回收七水硫酸锌的工艺过程,并分析了该过程产生的废气、废水、废渣和噪声等对周围环境的影响。     

基于紫外吸收光谱法的废硝酸回收工艺研究

为回收利用化工厂废硝酸,本文利用此废硝酸直接硝化对甲酚制取高性价比的医药中间体邻硝基对甲酚,以紫外吸收光谱为检测手段,跟踪游离硝酸根紫外吸光度的变化,获得最佳废酸处理工艺为:油水体积比534,温度30℃,转速600r/min,硝酸与对甲酚的物质的量之比为10.8,处理后,使废水中硝酸含量下降了82%,邻硝基对甲酚(以对甲酚计)收率达79.5%.     

Engineering acid dew temperature: the limitation for flue gas heat recovery

In order to study how deep we can reduce the temperature of exhaust flue gas, an experiment focusing on the combined influence of ash deposition and acid condensation on the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger was carried out in a 300-MW boiler unit. An annular tube was inserted into the flue gas duct between the air preheater and the electrostatic precipitator. The water with given temperature firstly entered the inner tube and then flowed into the outer tube at the end of the inner tube. It is found that heat transfer performance drops sharply at fixed temperature range under given coal quality. The turning temperature is defined as the engineering acid dew temperature （EADT）. When the inlet water temperature is under the EADT, ash sticks to the tube and is difficult to blow off, and thus the flow resistance rises. Furthermore, the corrosion can be observed obviously. From the point of economy and reliability, EADT is the limitation for flue gas heat recovery. The EADT is at least 30 ℃ lower than ADT calculated by traditional empirical and theoretical equations.     

Crystal structures,antibacterial activity and thermal decomposition kinetics of lanthanide complexes with 4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline

A series of lanthanide complexes [Ln(4-Cl-2-MOBA)3phen]2(Ln=Sm(1), Nd(2), Ho(3), Eu(4), Dy(5), and Tb(6); 4-Cl-2-MOBA=4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrates that 1–3 are isomorphous, which present dimeric structures with four 4-Cl-2-MOBA anions function as bridging ligands. Complexes 1 and 4–6 display their characteristic luminescence emission bands of central Ln3?ions. The heat capacities, the thermodynamic functions and the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectra of gaseous products of complexes 1–6 were investigated.Their non-isothermal kinetics of the second decomposition stage was studied by the integral isoconversional non-linear method and Stark method. Furthermore, 1–6 exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Candida albicans,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureu.